我国农村普惠金融的发展研究

摘 要

普惠金融是对贫困人口和小企业获得金融产品和服务的机会的关注，以及“小额金融”地位的确定。我国普惠金融发展与世界范围内普惠金融发展存在较大差距，最突出的表现就是农村普惠金融的发展。自十一届三中全会，实施改革开放后，我国农业、农村、农民经济发展速度迅速。但是，自21世纪初以来，我国农村普惠金融发展相对来说依旧处在落后状态。实行农村金融体制改革，增加农民收入，减小贫富差距，成为农村经济发展面临的新阻碍。农村金融的发展对于解决“三农”问题有重要意义，在党的十八届五中全会提出全面建设小康社会，同时特别强调“坚持共同发展”、“实施扶贫工程”，由此可见，我国金融体制改革的农村普惠金融发展的一大趋势。

根据我国农村普惠金融现状而言，最根本问题就是要发挥政府与市场在农村普惠金融发展中不可替代的作用。本文通过对比总结了我国农村普惠金融的发展状况、存在问题以及解决方法，研究如何使农村普惠金融取得进一步发展，从而加快农村经济建设，建立一个完整的农村普惠金融体系。

关键词：中国农村  普惠金融  现状  影响因素  

   

Abstract

In 2005, the United Nations set a new direction for financial development-inclusive finance, which focuses on access to financial products and services for the poor and small enterprises, and the determination of the status of 'microfinance'. There is a big gap between the development of inclusive finance in China and the development of inclusive finance in the world, the most obvious manifestation of which is the development of inclusive finance in rural areas. 

The Second Plenary Session of the Eighteenth Central Committee of the CPC calls for the development of inclusive rural finance, that is, the establishment of an effective and comprehensive financial system for all sectors of society. The Fifth Plenary Session of the Eighteenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China put forward "new goals and requirements for building a well-off society in an all-round way", emphasizing in particular "insisting on common development", "narrowing the gap between the rich and the poor", and developing inclusive rural finance, which marks a new stage of the development of inclusive rural finance in China. It has also become the focus of the next reform of China's financial system. 

This paper analyses the current situation, existing problems and solutions of Inclusive Finance in rural areas of China, and probes into how to make Inclusive Finance get out of the predicament and achieve further development, so as to accelerate the construction of rural economy and further promote the development of Inclusive Finance in rural areas of China.

Keywords：Rural China    Inclusive finance     influence factors

目录

摘 要2

Abstract3

一、引  言5

（一）研究背景5

（二）研究意义5

1.理论意义5

2.现实意义5

（三）研究方法6

二、农村普惠金融概念及我国农村普惠金融发展历程7

（一）惠普金融与农村惠普金融7

1.普惠金融7

2.农村普惠金融7

（二）我国农村普惠金融发展历程7

1.我国农村金融的萌芽7

2.我国农村普惠金融的发展7

三、我国农村普惠金融发展现状及存在问题分析9

（一）我国农村普惠金融的现状9

1.新型金融机构的产生9

2.新型金融服务模式的发展9

（二）我国农村普惠金融现存在的问题9

1.多种金融服务需求得到难以满足9

2.农村金融基础设备不完善、覆盖面窄9

3.农村普惠金融产品单一，农民贷款意识低10

4.农村普惠金融商业可持续性问题10

（三）我国农村普惠金融问题形成原因分析10

1.农村发展落后10

2.农村金融机构运行机制不健全10

3.政府部门的政策不当11

四、我国农村普惠金融发展的对策与建议12

（一）完善政府的扶持引导12

（二）完善农村普惠金融基础设施12

（三）建立多层次普惠金融机构体系12

五、结论13

参考文献14